on Copy-on-read of forked CPython objects https://ppwwyyxx.com/blog/2022/Demystify-RAM-Usage-in-Multiprocess-DataLoader/ related discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40297335 TLDR call https://docs.python.org/3/library/gc.html#gc.freeze

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuppertaler_Schwebebahn